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The service allows users to send and receive messages of up to 160 characters (when entirely alpha-numeric) to and from GSM mobiles. By the end of 2010, SMS was the most widely used data application, with an estimated 3.5 billion active users, or about 80% of all mobile phone subscribers. SMS rolled out commercially on many cellular networks that decade and became hugely popular worldwide as a method of text communication. The first SMS message was sent on 3 December 1992, when Neil Papworth, a test engineer for Sema Group, sent 'Merry Christmas' to the Orbitel 901 phone of colleague Richard Jarvis. These were defined in 1986 as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM) series of standards. SMS technology originated from radio telegraphy in radio memo pagers that used standardized phone protocols. An intermediary service can facilitate a text-to-voice conversion to be sent to landlines. It uses standardized communication protocols that let mobile devices exchange short text messages.

Short Message/Messaging Service, commonly abbreviated as SMS, is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet and mobile device systems. An SMS message written on a Motorola Razr V3 E.161, a common mobile keypad alphabet layout For text messaging in general, see Text messaging.

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